Taylor Wilson - Urban Conservation Technician

​Tired of Invasives?
Winter is a great time to manage invasive plants and get a head start on spring management. Several invasive species can actually be easier to identify in the winter and early spring than in the summer. This can be because they’re evergreen, they have a distinct winter color, or they produce leaves before native plants do. Many people take advantage of this by working on invasive management during the winter, or by marking the easily identifiable plants, and then treating them when it's warmer. Below are several species that are easily identified during the winter months as well as species you can treat now. 

What can you ID?
If you aren’t confident with identifying invasive species, the below species are easy to identify in winter and early spring. They can be marked, often with spray paint or flagging tape, and then treated when it’s warmer. Or if you don’t mind the cold, see “What can you treat?” below.

• Purple Wintercreeper: This plant is usually evergreen and very easy to identify. More info on identification. 
• English Ivy: Another evergreen plant that is easy to identify year-round. More info on identification. 
• Vinca major and Vinca minor: Commonly known as periwinkle, this is another evergreen vine that is easy to identify year-round. More info on identification.
• Bradford Pear: Occasionally pear trees will hold on to some of its fall foliage through the winter months. The leaves are a distinct maroon red color. More importantly, pear trees are some of the first trees to produce leaves in the springtime. This makes them easy to identify against a mostly grey landscape. Pears also boom in spring, sporting several white flowers. Many people comment that the flowers have a distinct foul smell. More info on identification.
• Asian Bush Honeysuckle: Sometimes this shrub will have small red berries through the winter months, and it has a somewhat distinct striped bark. More importantly, Asian bush honeysuckle is one of the first plants to produce leaves in the springtime. This makes it easy to identify against a mostly grey landscape. More info on identification.
• Garlic mustard: This is a biennial plant that produces evergreen basal leaves in the first year of its life cycle. These leaves grow close to the ground and stay green-ish through the winter. The leaf shape of the basal leaves can be easy to confuse with native violets and some other native species. To positively identify garlic mustard, you can grind a leaf between your fingers and it should have a distinct garlic/onion scent. In spring, garlic mustard will shoot up into 2-3 foot tall stalks. More info on identification. ​

If you have any questions about identification, you can send clear photos of the leaves, bark, fruit, or buds to taylor.wilson@hamiltoncounty.in.gov

​Manual Treatment
Manual treatment is any management that doesn’t use herbicide. Examples may be cutting, pulling, and mowing. 

• Purple wintercreeper, English ivy, and periwinkle (Vinca sp.) can be pulled manually when the ground isn’t frozen and is moist. If there is a large area of vines, you might consider chemical control to reduce the risk of erosion and related damage . 
• Small pear trees and small bush honeysuckle can be manually pulled either by hand or with a puller bar. A puller bar is a tool that uses leverage and body weight to manually remove plants that can’t be removed by hand. You can borrow this tool from our tool loan program. 
• Garlic Mustard basal rosettes can very easily be pulled by hand. Make sure to get the root. At this stage, this plant can be confused with several native species. Read above to get a positive ID.

 
Chemical Treatment
Chemical treatment is any management that utilizes herbicides. The following invasive species can be treated during winter months

• Woody vegetation (multiflora rose, Asian bush honeysuckle, callery pear, or anything with a woody stem) can be cut surface treated. This is done by cutting the plant so that about an inch of trunk is left. Then, herbicide is applied to the cut surface. Often a dye is used to make the herbicide visible. 
• Japanese honeysuckle, Vinca species, English ivy, and wintercreeper can be treated with a foliar spray when the temperature is above 50 degrees Fahrenheit. 
• Tree of heaven can be treated with a basal bark treatment if there isn’t snow on the ground. Basal bark treatment is recommended for this species instead of cut surface treatment due to tree of heaven's strong resprouting response. 

For more information on what herbicide to use for each species, check SICIM’s Management and Control Calendar. For more questions or information on management options, reach out to our office. 
 
With all this in mind, remember that the first step in the fight against invasive species is preventing them from spreading. Hiking is a wonderful winter activity but remember there are still invasive seeds on the ground. Use a boot brush or clean your hiking boots in other ways before moving between parks and other natural areas.

Good luck managing!

​Soil armor (surface plant materials/residue) is important for reducing water and wind erosion, decreasing water evaporation, moderating soil temperatures, reducing the impact of energy from raindrops, suppressing weed growth and providing a habitat for surface dwellers, which are an important part of the soil food chain.

• Mulching
• Reduced tillage
• Forage and biomass planting
• Residue retention
• Cover crops
• Green manures

​A continual living plant root either from the commodity crop, cover crop or forage crop provides carbon exudates to feed the soil food web, which is exchanged for nutrients for plant growth. This process is also important for soil aggregate formation, which increases soil pores for improved water and air exchange.

• Crop rotation
• Cover crops
• Relay crops
• Forage and biomass
• Planting
• Perennial crops 

​Prairie plant diversity aided and allowed soils to develop prior to the introduction of annual cropping systems. Plant diversity uses sunlight and water to sequester carbon and other nutrients, preventing leakages into ground and surface waters. Understanding the four crop types — warm-season grasses and broadleaves, and cool-season grasses and broadleaves — is necessary for designing cropping systems that improve soil health.  Livestock integration balances soil carbon and nitrogen ratios by converting high carbon forages to low carbon organic material, reducing nutrient transport from the soil, and promoting pasture and rangeland management in combination with cover crop grazing.

• Crop rotation      
• IPM
• Pollinator plantings
• Organic fertilizers
• Legumes in mix
• Agroforestry
• Cover crops
• Crop / livestock integration

This fall the Hamilton County Invasives Partnership (HIP) and Hamilton County Soil and Water Conservation District (SWCD) are offering an invasive species trade-in program.  For a limited time and as supplies last, property owners can show proof of removal of an invasive species on their Hamilton County property and receive one five-gallon native species specimen for free.
 
Over 80% of invasive species growing in Indiana are thought to have come from the landscape trade.  Many popular landscape trees and shrubs such as callery pear species and burning bush easily escape landscape cultivation and take over nearby right of ways, roadsides, and natural areas. These infestations cause erosion, animal habitat degradation, and loss of important native plant species.  While many property owners may not see their specimen spreading, birds delight in the high sugar berries of invasives like Asian bush honeysuckle and burning bush then deposit the seeds in natural areas as they fly.  To encourage homeowners to remove these species from their properties, the SWCD is offering a trade-in program this fall. After showing removal of an invasive species via photo submission, Hamilton County landowners are able to receive a free five-gallon tree valued at over $50. The three native species available for trade include American hornbeam, hop hornbeam, and tulip poplar.   
 
Landscape plantings of callery pear species, burning bush, Japanese barberry, and Norway Maple are the preferred species for removal but you can apply when removing other invasive species listed on the Official Indiana Invasive Species Council Invasive Plant List. Trades are limited to one per address.  Learn more and apply at www.hcinvasives.org.  

This fall six additional boot brush stations have been installed in Hamilton County as part of a Hamilton County Invasives Partnership initiative. These stations include permanent signage providing information on invasive species and how park visitors can help protect the natural spaces they love by limiting the spread of invasive species. A fixed boot brush at each station allows park patrons to wipe their shoes before and after using the trails. This prevents invasive species and other weed seeds that may be found on hiker’s shoes from being transported into the park and helps prevent existing invasive seeds from being transported out to other natural areas. Patrons are also encouraged to clean the paws of any furry hiking companions.

Boot brush stations can now be found at Cool Creek Park, the Fishers AgriPark, Ritchey Woods, Strawtown-Koteewi Park, Bray Homestead, and River Road Park. More information and a map of exact boot brush locations can be found at www.hcinvasives.org/bootbrush. More stations are planned throughout the county.
​
These stations were made possible through support from the Hamilton County Soil and Water Conservation District, Hamilton County Tourism, Southern Indiana Cooperative Invasives Management, and the MIBOR REALTOR® Association.

​Invasive species are species that are non-native, aggressive, and cause harm to the environment, human health, and the economy. The proliferation of invasive species in an ecosystem disrupts the complex and critical relationships that our native species have with their environment and other organisms and is responsible for degrading and destroying thousands of acres of Indiana’s native plant communities. 
​
If you’re interested in joining, sign up for Strike Team event notifications at www.hcinvasives.org. Anyone can join and training will be provided during events. Pre-registration and completion of an online training is required.

Diane Turner, Conservation Technician and Outreach Assistant

Project Wingspan (PW) is a multi-year landscape-scale project supported by donations, sponsorships, and several grants from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation to the non-profit Pollinator Partnership. Pollinator Partnership is working with a coalition of partners and an amazing team of dedicated volunteers to increase the quality, quantity, and connectivity of pollinator habitat across the Midwest and Great Lakes Region to support imperiled native pollinators and the vital habitat on which they depend.

​Throughout the scope of the program, Project Wingspan will create and engage a network of volunteers by providing educational training on plant identification and seed collection protocols to ensure volunteers are competent and confident in their abilities to collect common native plant seed according to best management standards. Trained volunteers in collaboration with program partners will make targeted collections of local genotype native wildflower seed within designated collection zones.  Learn more at their website.  www.pollinator.org/wingspan

Diane Turner, Conservation Technician & Outreach Assist. 
​
The Soil is Alive: Mobile Classroom project was the recipient of two grants of financial support during the 2021 calendar to assist in the completion of the classroom space inside the unit. The mobile classroom will be used to promote soil health across Central Indiana and is a collaboration between the Hamilton, Boone, Clinton and Madison County Soil & Water Conservation Districts. The project was initially funded by a Clean Water Indiana Grant is 2017. Since this time, the project as steadily moved forward toward completion, with project completion expected in the summer of 2022.  ​

Duke Energy graciously provided $8,000.00 to the mobile classroom project through their Powerful Communities: Local Impact Grant program.  Funds are planned to be used to complete the K-12 educational components inside the trailer.  ​

Funding was also provided through the Conservation Cropping Systems Initiative and the United States Department of Agriculture.  A $5,000.00 donation was received to strengthen and develop educational content through banners, signs, and mobile displays.    ​

David Bradway - Conservation Administrator 
​
I had a great conversation about natural corridors the other day with a local engineer. This conversation got me thinking about how conservation affects our everyday lives. As I’m sure many have noticed, lately there have been a lot of roadkill deer in the ditches and roadsides on my commute not to mention opossums, raccoons, and squirrels. Through development, our intrusion into their space causes wildlife to venture into places dangerous for animals and drivers causing interactions that are often detrimental to the survival of the animal and sometimes to the human as well. Taking these interactions into account when planning and developing land uses can reduce the frequency of these human/animal interactions.

Natural corridors can easily be added to development plans and masterplans. These corridors can serve as pathways for animal movement that keep them away from motorways. These corridors can also be used by people for recreation, meditation, a break from urban areas, and, possibly, alternatives to normal automobile commutes. One great example of this is the Potter’s Bridge Trail. To reduce commute congestion and greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles, commuters could drive to the trailhead and walk, run, or ride to their destination in Noblesville, Westfield, Carmel and beyond. Commuters may even see animals along their way that are drawn to these corridors.
​
Looking ahead at further development in the county, these types of corridors could be planned into developments to link green spaces together as a natural highway for humans and animals. This could lead to fewer high-speed interactions with animals and fewer frightened commuters. Interactions in these natural corridors would be far less dangerous than auto/animal interactions on the road.
Another great example of a natural corridor are the wildlife overpasses over the Trans-Canada Highway in Banff National Park in Canada’s Alberta Province. What look like normal overpasses from the road are, from above, a natural passageway for wildlife to safely cross the highway. These passageways are planted with pine trees and wildflowers and lined with fences to keep animals in the natural area and out of danger. Along with fencing-in the stretches of highway in these areas, these corridors have reduced mortality rates by 50% in some species of large carnivores and up to 100% in species such as Elk. These corridors are used by more species than experts expected from small to large mammals and even snakes and toads. Experts have even seen increased genetic diversity in grizzly bears because the corridor allows the bears to cross the highway. More great info from this decades old conservation project can be found here.  

​Are you interested in conservation projects? Do you have land you want to ensure stays natural? The Hamilton County SWCD offers conservation programs for landowners to ensure land can stay natural and animals will have safe areas to inhabit and move around the landscape without putting themselves and others in danger. Call or stop in to inquire!

Angie Garrison - NRCS District Conservationist 
​
Hamilton / Tipton County agricultural producers who want to improve natural resources and address concerns on their land are encouraged to sign up early for the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) through the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS).  While the application deadline is not currently set, Kerry Smith, NRCS District Conservationist, says the application deadline is usually mid to late December.  

“We take EQIP applications throughout the year, those not submitted by deadlines are deferred for future consideration.  I encourage producers with resource concerns on their land to contact our office as soon as possible to get the process started, ensuring your application is submitted in a timely manner,” Smith said.

EQIP is a voluntary conservation program available for agricultural producers.  Through EQIP, NRCS provides financial and technical assistance to install conservation practices that reduce soil erosion and sedimentation, improve soil health, improve water and air quality, and create wildlife habitat. 

Many applicants are interested in using funds to address soil erosion and water quality issues on their land. However, funds are also available for pasture and grazing land, confined livestock operations, organic producers, drainage water management, invasive plant control and wildlife habitat improvement.  

Producers interested in EQIP are encouraged to contact your local NRCS field office to start the conservation planning and application process early.  Hamilton county producers can contact Angie Garrison, NRCS District Conservationist, at (765) 482-6355, extension 3. Participants in EQIP must meet eligibility requirements.  NRCS staff will work with producers to determine eligibility and complete the necessary worksheets and rankings for the applicant to compete for funding.

My name is Dave Bradway. I follow Ginger Davis as the new Conservation Administrator for the SWCD. I went to Ball State University where I graduated with a degree in environmental management. I focused in several areas in college: water resources, energy, chemistry and German language. I have worked in the public sector for one of the country’s oldest wastewater pretreatment organizations supervising sampling of industries, storm water and surface water and in the private sector as the environmental manager for a large paper recycling company. I am also the president of a local mountain bike advocacy organization.

When I think about conservation, I consider both the bigger picture of conservation on a broad scale and a local level. How is what I am doing at home affecting the county, state, region, etc.? I think about the miles I drive to work and wonder what difference it would make if I rode my bicycle to commute once or a few times per week. If I remove invasive species on my property and explain why to my neighbors, will this affect the overall program of invasive removal? Where is the water that is running off my roof, gutters, and property ending up, and how can I conserve this water to help ensure the water quality of ponds and streams around me?

The answer to all these questions lies in the fact that the decisions we make influence the world around us. If I ride my bike, that is less gas I burn and less traffic for someone else on their commute. If I talk to my neighbor, they may remove invasive species and plant native species in their yard because of our conversation. If I collect some or all my runoff in a rain barrel or rain garden, it will sequester any contaminants from entering larger and larger waterbodies.
​
Conservation to me means taking approaches to the environment around us that maintain or improve its sustainability; the idea that we should leave the environment the way we found it or better. The reality is not as easy as the idea. Our commutes might be too far to ride or we may not know how to identify invasive species, but the first step towards conservation is the consideration of our effects.

What does conservation mean to you?  Email your response or additional questions to david.bradway@hamiltoncounty.in.gov.